| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Cancer Research UK Bioinformatics Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
2 Breast Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital (NHS) Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
(Requests for offprints should be addressed to R B Clarke; Email: robert.clarke{at}manchester.ac.uk)
Oestrogen (E) is essential for normal and cancer development in the breast, while anti-oestrogens have been shown to reduce the risk of the disease. However, little is known about the effect of E on gene expression in the normal human breast, particularly when the epithelium and stroma are intact. Previous expression profiles of the response to E have been performed on tumour cell lines, in the absence of stroma. We investigated gene expression in normal human breast tissue transplanted into 9–10-week-old female athymic nude (Balb/c nu/nu) mice. After 2 weeks, when epithelial proliferation is minimal, one-third of the mice were treated with 17ß-oestradiol (E2) to give human luteal-phase levels in the mouse, which we have previously shown to induce maximal epithelial cell proliferation. RNA was isolated from treated and untreated mice, labelled and hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U133A (human) GeneChips. Gene expression levels were generated using BioConductor implementations of the RMA and MAS5 algorithms. E2 treatment was found to represent the largest source of variation in gene expression and cross-species hybridization of mouse RNA from xenograft samples was demonstrated to be negligible. Known E2-responsive genes (such as TFF1 and AREG), and genes thought to be involved in breast cancer metastasis (including mammoglobin, KRT19 and AGR2), were upregulated in response to E treatment. Genes known to be co-expressed with E receptor
in breast cancer cell lines and tumours were both upregulated (XBP-1 and GREB1) and downregulated (RARRES1 and GATA3). In addition, genes that are normally expressed in the myoepithelium and extracellular matrix that maintain the tissue microenvironment were also differentially expressed. This suggests that the response to oestrogen in normal breast is highly dependent upon epithelial–stromal/myoepithelial interactions which maintain the tissue microenvironment during epithelial cell proliferation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. Ramachandran, T. Arumugam, H. Wang, and C. D. Logsdon Anterior Gradient 2 Is Expressed and Secreted during the Development of Pancreatic Cancer and Promotes Cancer Cell Survival Cancer Res., October 1, 2008; 68(19): 7811 - 7818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kendall, H. Anderson, A. K. Dunbier, A. Mackay, T. Dexter, A. Urruticoechea, C. Harper-Wynne, and M. Dowsett Impact of Estrogen Deprivation on Gene Expression Profiles of Normal Postmenopausal Breast Tissue In vivo Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2008; 17(4): 855 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Garcia-Closas, M. A. Troester, Y. Qi, A. Langerod, M. Yeager, J. Lissowska, L. Brinton, R. Welch, B. Peplonska, D. S. Gerhard, et al. Common Genetic Variation in GATA-Binding Protein 3 and Differential Susceptibility to Breast Cancer by Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Tumor Status Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2007; 16(11): 2269 - 2275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Lee, D. Medina, A. Tsimelzon, S. K. Mohsin, S. Mao, Y. Wu, and D. C. Allred Alterations of Gene Expression in the Development of Early Hyperplastic Precursors of Breast Cancer Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2007; 171(1): 252 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Ciarloni, S. Mallepell, and C. Brisken Amphiregulin is an essential mediator of estrogen receptor {alpha} function in mammary gland development PNAS, March 27, 2007; 104(13): 5455 - 5460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
